Reference:

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/670089/tex4ht-fails-when-adding-centering-after-beginfigure

This is related to

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/669581/tex4ht-fails-on-including-image-with-math-in-caption-after-loading-hyperref-pack

but now fails under new conditions.

This is summary of what is going on. There was a bug in the above link where tex4ht failed when adding math in the caption of the image when hyperref was loaded. Thanks to michal.h21 this is fixed now in latest TL as I no longer get the error using the MWE in the above, which is

-----------------------------
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Phase plot $y^{\prime \prime}\left(t \right)+9 y \left(t \right)-\left(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
8 \sin \left(t \right) & 0<t <\pi
\\

1. & \pi <t

\end{array}\right.\right) = 0$}
\end{figure}

\end{document}
----------------------

Using the command

make4ht -ulm default -a debug foo.tex 'mathjax,htm'

No errors. Great. But once I added \centering, the error came back

----------------------
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Phase plot $y^{\prime \prime}\left(t \right)+9 y \left(t \right)-\left(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
8 \sin \left(t \right) & 0<t <\pi
\\

1. & \pi <t

\end{array}\right.\right) = 0$}
\end{figure}

\end{document}
--------------------

And now the same command

make4ht -ulm default -a debug foo.tex 'mathjax,htm'

Gives

[INFO] mkparams: Output dir:
[INFO] mkparams: Compiler: dvilualatex
[INFO] mkparams: Latex options: -jobname='foo'
[INFO] mkparams: tex4ht.sty: xhtml,mathjax,htm,charset=utf-8
[INFO] mkparams: tex4ht: -cmozhtf -utf8
[INFO] mkparams: build_file: foo.mk4
[INFO] mkparams: Output format: html5
[STATUS] make4ht: Conversion started
....
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex4ht/unicode.4ht)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex4ht/html4-math.4ht)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex4ht/html5.4ht))
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-dvips.def)
(./foo.aux) (/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd)17 nil

[1] [2]
l.10 --- TeX4ht warning --- File `"example-image-a.xbb"' not found ---
l.10 --- TeX4ht warning --- Cannot determine size of graphic in "example-image-
a.xbb" (no BoundingBox) ---
! Argument of \@caption has an extra }.
<inserted text>
\par
l.15 \end{array}\right.\right) = 0$}

?

Which is the same error fixed in the earlier question linked above.

Any workaround for this problem as I use \centering in my code.

TL 2022 Updated just 1/2 hr ago.

>which make4ht

/usr/local/texlive/2022/bin/x86_64-linux/make4ht

>make4ht --version

make4ht version v0.3l

>which tex4ht

/usr/local/texlive/2022/bin/x86_64-linux/tex4ht